Giải bài 1 trang 43 sách bài tập toán 11 - Chân trời sáng tạo tập 2

Đề bài

Tính đạo hàm của các hàm số sau:

a) \(y = \frac{{ - 3{x^2}}}{2} + \frac{2}{x} + \frac{{{x^3}}}{3}\);

b) \(y = \left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} - 4} \right)\left( {{x^2} + 9} \right)\);

c) \(y = \frac{{{x^2} - 2x}}{{{x^2} + x + 1}};\)

d) \(y = \frac{{1 - 2x}}{{x + 1}}\);

e) \(y = x.{e^{2x + 1}}\);

g) \(y = \left( {2x + 3} \right){.3^{2x + 1}}\);

h) \(y = x{\ln ^2}x\);

i) \(y = {\log _2}\left( {{x^2} + 1} \right)\).

Lời giải chi tiết

a) \(y' = {\left( {\frac{{ - 3{x^2}}}{2} + \frac{2}{x} + \frac{{{x^3}}}{3}} \right)'} = \frac{{ - 3.2x}}{2} - \frac{2}{{{x^2}}} + \frac{{3.{x^2}}}{3} = - 3x - \frac{2}{{{x^2}}} + {x^2}\);b) Ta có: \(y = \left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} - 4} \right)\left( {{x^2} + 9} \right) = \left( {{x^4} - 5{x^2} + 4} \right)\left( {{x^2} + 9} \right)\)\( = {x^6} - 5{x^4} + 4{x^2} + 9{x^4} - 45{x^2} + 36 = {x^6} + 4{x^4} - 41{x^2} + 36\)Do đó, \(y' = \left( {{x^6} + 4{x^4} - 41{x^2} + 36} \right)' = 6{x^5} + 16{x^3} - 82x\)c) \(y' = {\left( {\frac{{{x^2} - 2x}}{{{x^2} + x + 1}}} \right)'} = \frac{{\left( {{x^2} - 2x} \right)'\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right) - \left( {{x^2} - 2x} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right)'}}{{{{\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right)}^2}}}\)\( = \frac{{\left( {2x - 2} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right) - \left( {{x^2} - 2x} \right)\left( {2x + 1} \right)}}{{{{\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right)}^2}}}\)\( = \frac{{2{x^3} + 2{x^2} + 2x - 2{x^2} - 2x - 2 - 2{x^3} - {x^2} + 4{x^2} + 2x}}{{{{\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{{3{x^2} + 2x - 2}}{{{{\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right)}^2}}}\)d) \(y' = {\left( {\frac{{1 - 2x}}{{x + 1}}} \right)'} = \frac{{\left( {1 - 2x} \right)'\left( {x + 1} \right) - \left( {1 - 2x} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)'}}{{{{\left( {x + 1} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{{ - 2\left( {x + 1} \right) - \left( {1 - 2x} \right)}}{{{{\left( {x + 1} \right)}^2}}}\)\( = \frac{{ - 2x - 2 - 1 + 2x}}{{{{\left( {x + 1} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{{ - 3}}{{{{\left( {x + 1} \right)}^2}}}\)e) \(y' = \left( {x.{e^{2x + 1}}} \right)' = x'.{e^{2x + 1}} + x.\left( {{e^{2x + 1}}} \right)' = {e^{2x + 1}} + x.2.{e^{2x + 1}} = {e^{2x + 1}}\left( {2x + 1} \right)\);g) \(y' = \left( {\left( {2x + 3} \right){{.3}^{2x + 1}}} \right)' = \left( {2x + 3} \right)'{.3^{2x + 1}} + \left( {2x + 3} \right).\left( {{3^{2x + 1}}} \right)'\)\( = {2.3^{2x + 1}} + \left( {2x + 3} \right)\left( {2x + 1} \right)'{.3^{2x + 1}}\ln 3 = {2.3^{2x + 1}} + {2.3^{2x + 1}}\left( {2x + 3} \right)\ln 3\)\( = {2.3^{2x + 1}}\left[ {\left( {2x + 3} \right)\ln 3 + 1} \right]\)h) \(y' = \left( {x{{\ln }^2}x} \right)' = x'{\ln ^2}x + x.\left( {{{\ln }^2}x} \right)' = {\ln ^2}x + 2x.\ln x.\frac{1}{x} = {\ln ^2}x + 2.\ln x\);i) \(y' = \left[ {{{\log }_2}\left( {{x^2} + 1} \right)} \right]' = \frac{{\left( {{x^2} + 1} \right)'}}{{\left( {{x^2} + 1} \right)\ln 2}} = \frac{{2x}}{{\left( {{x^2} + 1} \right)\ln 2}}\)